What Happens During a Night of Sleep
A practical introduction to non-REM sleep, REM sleep, and sleep cycles.
Sleep has several stages
Sleep is commonly described as non-rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. Non-REM sleep includes lighter stages and deeper slow-wave sleep. REM sleep is associated with vivid dreaming and distinctive brain activity. The brain moves through these stages repeatedly, and the balance changes during the night.
There is no single perfect pattern
Sleep-stage estimates vary with age, health, sleep duration, medications, and normal night-to-night variation. Consumer watches and rings estimate stages using movement and other signals; they do not measure brain waves like a clinical sleep study. A single low deep-sleep score is not a diagnosis.
Pay attention to function
How refreshed you feel, whether you unintentionally doze during the day, how well you concentrate, and whether someone observes loud snoring or pauses in breathing may be more actionable than chasing a particular percentage on a sleep tracker. Persistent unrefreshing sleep may call for a medical assessment.
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